Dominica

Dominica covers about 750 km² and is one of the most mountainous islands in the Caribbean. Its landscape is dominated by volcanic peaks, dense tropical forests and deep river valleys. The island’s rugged terrain and high rainfall create fertile conditions for agriculture but limit large-scale plantation development.

Before European colonisation, Indigenous peoples such as the Kalinago practised subsistence farming. During colonial rule by the French and later the British, agriculture focused on export crops, particularly sugar and later bananas. After independence in 1978, agriculture remained an important part of the economy, though its role has declined in recent decades.

Today, the primary sector contributes around 10–15% of GDP and remains significant for employment and exports. About 30% of the land is used for agriculture.

Bananas have historically been the most important export crop, though production has declined due to international competition. Other crops include coconuts, citrus fruits, root crops and vegetables grown for both export and local consumption.

Livestock farming includes small-scale cattle, pigs and poultry.

Forests cover roughly 60% of Dominica’s territory, making forestry and forest products environmentally and economically important.

Dominica’s surrounding Caribbean waters support fisheries, including fish, lobster and conch, which contribute to local food supply and livelihoods.

Overall, Dominica’s primary sector reflects its mountainous geography and abundant rainfall: small-scale farming in fertile valleys, extensive forest cover and coastal fisheries. While tourism and services are growing in importance, agriculture, forestry and fishing remain essential to rural life and economic resilience.

Gerold and Klaudia visited Dominca two weeks after the hurricane 2107. The island was marked by significant storm damage almost everywhere. Houses were stripped of their roofs, trees were uprooted, and the coastlines were washed out and devastated. The people were traumatised, and many had lost everything.