Uruguay

Uruguay covers about 176,000 km² and lies between Brazil and Argentina along the Atlantic coast. Its landscape is largely composed of gently rolling plains and fertile grasslands rather than high mountains. The country’s temperate climate, with moderate rainfall distributed throughout the year, creates favourable conditions for agriculture and livestock farming.

Before European colonisation, Indigenous groups such as the Charrúa lived mainly as hunter-gatherers. Under Spanish rule, Uruguay developed as a cattle-raising region due to its vast natural pastures. After independence in 1828, livestock production became the backbone of the national economy.

Today, the primary sector contributes around 6–7% of GDP and plays a major role in exports. About 80% of Uruguay’s land is used for agriculture, making it one of the most agriculturally utilised countries in South America.

Livestock farming dominates the sector. Uruguay is known for its beef and wool production, with cattle and sheep raised extensively on natural grasslands. Meat exports are particularly important to the economy.

Crop farming has expanded in recent decades. Soybeans, wheat, maize and rice are now major products, with rice especially important in irrigated areas.

Forests cover roughly 10–15% of the country’s territory, largely due to plantation forestry. Fast-growing eucalyptus and pine trees support timber and pulp industries.

Uruguay’s Atlantic coastline and river systems support fisheries, though this sector is smaller compared to agriculture and livestock.

Overall, Uruguay’s primary sector reflects its geography of fertile plains and natural pastures. Livestock production remains central, complemented by expanding crop farming and forestry, making agriculture a key contributor to exports and rural livelihoods despite the growth of services and industry.

Gerold spent 1987 some days in Montevideo and at the coast in Uruguay, together with Walter. The city was characterized by ancient cars, which still drove, because new ones probably couldn't be bothered. He enjoyed the harbour and the beach at the Rio de la Plata. We slept well in a central hotel.