Austria

Austria covers about 83,900 km² in Central Europe and is characterised by a predominantly mountainous landscape shaped by the Alps. Around two-thirds of the country lies within this mountain system, while fertile lowlands are found along major rivers such as the Danube. Austria has a temperate climate with regional variations influenced by altitude, supporting diverse agricultural activities.

Historically, farming in Austria developed in valleys and plains, while upland areas were used mainly for livestock grazing. Over time, agriculture became more specialised and mechanised, especially after modernisation in the 20th century. 

Today, the primary sector contributes about 1–2% of GDP but remains important for rural landscapes and food production. Approximately 40% of Austria’s land is used for agriculture. Crop farming includes wheat, barley, maize and potatoes, mainly in lowland areas such as eastern Austria. Livestock farming plays a major role, particularly dairy cattle in alpine regions where grasslands are well suited for grazing.

Forests cover roughly 47% of Austria’s territory, making forestry economically significant. Timber production is an important industry.

Austria has no marine fisheries, but freshwater fishing occurs in rivers and lakes.

Overall, Austria’s primary sector reflects its alpine geography: crop farming in fertile lowlands, livestock grazing in mountain pastures and extensive forest resources. Despite the dominance of industry and services, agriculture and forestry remain important for rural livelihoods and environmental management.

Austria was initially only a transit country for Gerold during early journeys to Greece. In 1982, Gerold saw the Alps for the first time in Salzburg, which left a lasting impression. In 1987, Gerold enrolled at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna and developed a deeper appreciation for Austria, particularly Vienna, its cultural life, and the alpine landscape. A formative experience was the summer of 1988 spent on an alpine pasture, which strengthened Gerold’s lasting connection to the mountains. In the years that followed, Gerold — often together with Klaudia — visited Austria regularly for hiking, family holidays, lectures, and conferences, including engagements with Bio Austria and academic events in Vienna and Wels. Over time, Austria evolved from a simple transit destination into an important place of professional exchange and personal connection for Gerold and Klaudia, which they continued to visit regularly through 2023.