Rwanda

Rwanda is a small, landlocked country located in East-Central Africa, bordered by Uganda to the north, Tanzania to the east, Burundi to the south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Covering an area of about 26,300 square kilometers, it is one of the smallest countries on the African mainland, yet it is among the most densely populated. Because of its compact size and varied terrain, Rwanda is often called the “land of a thousand hills,” a description that reflects its mountainous and highly dissected landscape.

The country’s geography is dominated by high plateaus, rolling hills, and volcanic mountains, especially in the northwest where the Virunga volcanic chain forms part of the Albertine Rift. Elevations range from about 900 meters in the eastern lowlands to over 4,500 meters at Mount Karisimbi, the highest peak in Rwanda. The western part of the country is generally higher and wetter, while the eastern region is lower and drier. Numerous rivers and lakes, including Lake Kivu along the western border, contribute to drainage and water resources, although much of the country is characterized by small, steep catchments.